600000 Years Old Awesome History of Switzerland Timeline

History of Switzerland Timeline

From the beginning to the arrival of the Romans

The oldest traces of human life date back about 150,000 years, the oldest flint tool is about 100,000 years old.

History of Switzerland Timeline The territory of present-day Switzerland has gone through a development similar to that of the rest of Europe. The first centuries were very marked by migratory movements. This resulted in a space made up of different populations. Under Roman rule, Christianity spread and the Church, with its dioceses and monasteries, became an important landowner.

At the same time, noble families extended their power through conquests, inheritances and matrimonial policy. For a short time, the Frankish king Charlemagne controlled a significant part of Western Europe. A new level of power was reached in 962, when the German king Otto I managed to convince the pope to appoint him emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.

Switzerland in the High Middle Ages

The year 1291 is considered by tradition as the founding year of the Confederation, when three valleys joined forces to better defend themselves against external attacks.

History of Switzerland: In the 14th and 15th centuries, a loosely structured federation developed with cities and rural communities. At the end of the 15th century, it was already powerful enough to influence the balance of power in Europe. During various wars, the Confederates showed courage and ingenuity, gaining a reputation as formidable adversaries. History of Switzerland.

The enlargement of the Confederation took place in different ways. While some territories joined voluntarily and as members with the same rights, others were more or less forced to do so. The members of confederation administered mainly the affairs of their region. However, representatives of the various territories met regularly to discuss issues of general interest. History of Switzerland.

The Reformation and the 17th century

During the 16th century, all of Western Europe was influenced by the Reformation, a movement that split Western Christianity in two. History of Switzerland.

Even if the insurrections and destruction were the result of a struggle at the religious level, they reflect above all the desire for a change in society as well as the existence of social tensions that reigned essentially between the city and the countryside. It was in the 17th century that modern Switzerland took shape, following the developments triggered by the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648). While large swathes of Europe participated in this war, the Confederation remained neutral. An important consequence of the Thirty Years’ War was independence from the Holy Roman Empire, which was enshrined in the Peace Treaties of Westphalia. History of Switzerland.

18th and 19th century

French troops invaded Swiss territory in 1798 and founded a unified state. The old cantonal system was later re-established, but in a more centralized form.

Bern History: In 1798, French troops invaded Switzerland and established a centralized Helvetic Republic. For the first time in its history, Switzerland was forced to abandon its neutrality and provide soldiers to the French. The foundations of modern Switzerland were finally laid after the Sonderbund War with the adoption of the Constitution of 1848. It brought a more centralized form and a single economic space that put an end to cantonal rivalries thus allowing economic development. Despite this progress, the 19th century was a difficult time for many people in Switzerland. Poverty, famine and poor work prospects have led to a wave of emigration, including to North and South America.

Switzerland in the 20th century

The 20th century was marked by a series of important developments at the political, economic and social levels.

In domestic politics, a turning point has taken place for a multi-party system. Whereas at the beginning of the century one party held all positions in the government (Federal Council), at the end of the century four parties were represented in the Federal Council. Rural Switzerland was becoming an industrial country, thus reversing the trend by creating immigration stronger than emigration, the standard of living had risen sharply. History of Switzerland.

Working conditions and social security were constantly improving, the supply of goods was becoming more abundant. With the development of an export economy, the relationship with Europe and the rest of the world has also changed. Politically, Switzerland has remained neutral, it has not actively participated in the two world wars, but its neutrality has always been the subject of bitter discussions.

Chronology Of Switzerland

History of Switzerland Timeline: Switzerland History Timeline

600000 – 30000 BC	Ice age	Central Europe covered by glaciers. Human evolution in Africa.
30000 – 1800 BC	Age de Pierre	Hunters using weapons and tools made of stones in Europe.
1800 – 800 BC	Bronze Age	Weapons and tools made of bronze.
800 – 58 BC	Iron Age	Weapons and tools made of iron. Celtic tribes all over Western Europe. The Helvetes,a Celtic tribe, in Switzerland.
58 BC – 400 AD	Roman period	The Helvetes trying to move to southern France were arrested by the Roman commander C. Julius Caesar. Switzerland occupied by Roman troops.
400 – 1500	Middle Ages	Germanic tribes put an end to the Roman Empire and established new states in Europe. Feudal system. Monasteries kept the Roman and Greek heritage (reading and writing) and developed new agricultural methods.
1291 – 1515	Former Confederation	Three valleys in Central Switzerland unite against the Counts of Habsburg and fight for autonomy. Cities join the confederation. They conquer territories in northern and southern Switzerland.
1523 – 1536	Reform	The reformers Zwingli and Calvin were even more radical than Luther in Germany. Calvin’s doctrine influenced churches in many other countries.
1536 – 1798	Ancien Régime	Switzerland is an incoherent confederation of 13 cities and small rural communities that dominate the rest of the country. A small number of families control the affairs of the state. Several rebellions were brought down by military force.
1798 – 1802	Helvetic Republic	The revolution in Switzerland. The peasants of the subjected territories liberate themselves. Centralist parliamentary republic according to the French model. Occupation by French troops, some battles against Austria and Russia.
1803 – 1815	Mediation	A civil war put the Helvetic Republic to an end. Under napoleon’s “mediation”, a new federal constitution was established.
1815 – 1830	Restoration	The extremely federal confederation is re-established, however with 22 member states (without subjected territories). The Liberals in a minority position.
1830 – 1848	Regeneration	The Second French Revolution (1830) gave new impetus to the radical parties in Switzerland. Some federal states with liberal governments and new constitutions. The Special Alliance of Catholic States with conservative governments led to a short civil war (1847).
1848	Federal State	Federal Constitution similar to the US Constitution: Federal State with central and member state governments and parliaments. The principles of this constitution are valid until today.
1800 – 1900	Industrialization	Switzerland is one of the leading industrialized countries in Europe.
1914 – 1918	First World War	Neutrality of a country surrounded by nations at war.
1918 – 1933	Economic crisis	The twenties were the economic crisis in Europe. Domestic conflicts, the general strike in 1918, the world economic crisis of 1929: it hit industrialized Switzerland severely.
1933 – 1939	Spiritual Defense	Hitler’s regime in Germany was soon seen as a danger to Switzerland’s independence. German refugees (Jews, intellectuals). Socialist trade unions seek cooperation with liberal employers against the fascist threat.
1939 – 1945	World War II	The neutral country is surrounded by fascist troops or collaborating regimes (Vichy regime in France). Some trade with Hitler is inevitable to survive without raw materials and feed more than 150,000 refugees). Other aspects are not inevitable: the rigid refugee policy, the little-criticized collaboration of the banks in the event of Jewish assets necessarily transferred to German banks, acceptance of stolen gold.
Since 1945	Prosperity	Recent history is characterized by political stability, economic progress, increased social security and a new open and tolerant mind.

awesome Switzerland — Awesome Switzerland: History of Switzerland.

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