Short The History of Luxembourg Timeline
A History of Luxembourg: Despite its small size – 2,586 km2 and approximately 614,000 inhabitants – the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is an authentic state with a particularly rich history. Located in the heart of Europe, between France, Belgium and Germany, it has participated in important European developments. Where is Luxembourg situated?
The Grand Duchy’s eventful past is a true compendium of European history. In the Middle Ages, its princes wore the crown of the Holy Roman Empire. During modern times, its fortress has been an important point in the struggle between the great powers. Map shown that Where is luxemburg.
Before gaining independence in the 19th century, Luxembourg belonged successively to the Counts, then the Dukes of Luxembourg, the Dukes of Burgundy, the Kings of Spain, the Kings of France, the Emperors of Austria and the Kings of Holland. In the 20th century, the thriving and dynamic country played a catalytic role in the unification of Europe.
- Total Area of Luxembourg: 2,586 km²
- Capital of Luxembourg: Luxembourg City
- Language of Luxembourg: Luxembourgish
- Currency of Luxembourg: Euro
Religion in Luxembourg
Luxembourg Religion Percentage in Current
| Religion | Number of followers | Percentage of total population |
|---|---|---|
| Christianity | 460,153 | 70.4 % |
| Religiously Unaffiliated | 175,172 | 26.8 % |
| Islam | 15,033 | 2.3 % |
| Other | 2,615 | 0.4 % |
| Judaism | 654 | 0.1 % |
Prehistory And Early History of Luxembourg
Prehistory of Luxembourg: The area of present-day Luxembourg was already inhabited in the Paleolithic. One of the oldest settlements is Oetringen , where bones dating back 15,000 years have been found. In the Neolithic Age , people settled here too. Different cultures formed.
In the Iron Age, the title mountain was the most important settlement. It is located in the south-west of today’s country, in the border triangle between France and Belgium. It was Celts who lived here, from the Treveri tribe. In the 1st century B.C. the Romans came and conquered the area. It became part of the Roman Empire.
The First Count’s House In Luxembourg
Siegfried is credited with founding Luxembourg in 963 through an exchange of lands with the Abbey of Saint Maximin in Trier. In the course of this exchange, Siegfried bought a fort in Feulen near Ettelbrück, which was located on a rocky outcrop above the Alzette valley, in exchange for land. Siegfried has a small castle built on the site. The name Luxembourg ( Lucilinburhuc ) appears for the first time in history. This castle forms the core of the future city.
Siegfried comes from a noble family in the area between the Maas and the Moselle , but does not yet hold the title of Count of Luxembourg. It was only with his great-grandson Konrad I that the term “Count of Luxembourg” appeared for the first time in the history of the country, namely in 1083 in the founding document of the Benedictine Abbey of Münster.
Luxembourg Part Of The Frankish Empire
Who founded Luxembourg and when was Luxembourg founded? In the 5th century, the Franks pushed back the Romans and Luxembourg became part of the Frankish Empire. Christianity spread and many monasteries were built. The Echternach monastery in Luxembourg was founded in 698.
With the division of the Frankish Empire, Luxembourg’s territory came first to Lothar’s Middle Franconia Empire in 843, and then to East Franconia in 925. This eventually became the Holy Roman Empire .
Lucilinburhuc Castle was first mentioned in 963 . Count Siegfried I acquired the rock with this castle. From 1083 his descendants called themselves Counts of Luxembourg , after this very castle.
Duchy of Luxembourg
In 1308, Henry of Luxembourg was elected Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. His son John became king of Bohemia in 1310. In this way they expanded the position of power held by the Luxembourgers. In 1354 the county became a duchy. Wenceslaus I became the first duke. With the death of Sigismund, the main Luxembourg line died out in 1437. The duchy passed to the House of Burgundy, later to the House of Habsburg. The rule changed several times.
In the 17th century, Luxembourg lost parts of its country, which was then larger than today’s national territory, to France. Luxembourg itself then came under French rule again and again, for example from 1684 to 1697 and again at the beginning of the 19th century.
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg In The 19th Century
When the Holy Roman Empire ended in 1806, Luxembourg first fell to France. In 1815, the Congress of Vienna decided that Luxembourg should be part of the German Confederation . It was also elevated to the status of Grand Duchy. At the same time, the Dutch king ruled in personal union as Grand Duke of Luxembourg. That was also decided by the Congress of Vienna. The rule of Luxembourg was intended to compensate the Netherlands for the loss of other territories.
In 1866 the German Confederation dissolved. A year later the Luxembourg Crisis broke out . Napoleon III of France wanted to buy Luxembourg from the Netherlands. There was strong protest against this in Luxembourg. Eventually, Luxembourg was declared “forever neutral ” at a meeting of the great powers.
King Wilhelm III of the Netherlands died in 1890. without male descendants and so the closest relatives, the Dukes of Nassau-Weilburg, came to the ducal throne in Luxembourg. Adolf of Nassau became Grand Duke.
Luxembourg The beginnings Of The National Dynasty
William I does not treat Luxembourg as an independent state, but as a province of his kingdom. The Belgians are dissatisfied with Wilhelm I’s policy, which does not take into account the political, economic and religious peculiarities of the southern provinces. In August 1830 there was a revolution .
In October , the Luxembourgers join the Belgians . Her accusations against Wilhelm I relate to the high tax burden and the king-grand duke’s flagrant disinterest in Luxembourg. Wilhelm has only been to Arlon once, he has filled all the higher positions in the administration with foreigners and he is planning to introduce Dutch as a school subject in the elementary school. With the rebellion against Wilhelm I, the Luxembourgers hope to be able to escape Dutch rule and that their independence will be taken into account in the future.
History About Luxembourg
In the London Treaty, the great powers recognized Belgium’s independence and finally forced the partition of Limburg and Luxembourg. Finally, in 1839, William signed the treaty recognizing the partition and independence of Luxembourg. The personal union with the Netherlands and Luxembourg’s membership in the German Confederation are confirmed.
The Grand Duchesses Marie And Charlotte
The Nassau-Weilburg line died out in 1912 because Wilhelm IV had no male descendants. After a change in the law, his daughter Marie succeeded him to the throne. During the First World War, Luxembourg was occupied by German troops. Marie was accused of acting too pro-German.
History In Luxembourg
In 1919 Marie abdicated and appointed her sister Charlotte as her successor. A referendum confirmed this decision. Charlotte married Felix of Bourbon-Parma. However, her name determined the ruling dynasty , which was now the House of Luxembourg-Nassau. When Luxembourg was again occupied by German troops in 1940, Charlotte fled into exile with her family. From there, she became a symbol of her country’s freedom and independence. In 1944, Luxemburg was liberated by American troops and the family returned. In 1948, the “permanent neutrality” that had existed since 1867 was formally abolished.
Grand Dukes Jean (1964-2000) and Henri (since 2000)
In 1964, Charlotte’s son Jean became Grand Duke. Luxembourg developed from an agricultural and industrial country into a center for services . International banks and other companies settled in Luxembourg. Luxembourg established a customs and economic union (Benelux countries) with the Netherlands and Belgium . Luxembourg was one of the founding members of the European Economic Community in 1957.
In 1985 the Schengen Agreement was signed in the Luxembourg Moselle town of Schengen. It regulates the abolition of border controls in the participating countries. Today, Luxembourg is, among other things, the seat of the EU Council of Ministers, the European Court of Justice, the EU Commission and the European Court of Auditors. Click here for more information about the EU !
Grand Duke Jean remained in office until 2000, when he abdicated in favor of his son Henri. The euro has been used in Luxembourg since 2002.
Is Luxembourg The Richest Country?
Is Luxembourg The Richest Country? Traditionally, Luxembourg mainly imports consumer goods and exports industrial products. Yes Luxembourg richest country.
Why is Luxembourg so rich?
The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is a parliamentary democracy. The Grand Duke fulfills the role of constitutional monarch. For many years, Luxembourg has paid close attention to international relations in areas such as economics and politics. For example, the country is considered one of the founders of organizations such as the European Union, NATO, the United Nations, the Benelux and the OECD. This role has done the country no harm! History of Luxembourg.
Is Luxembourg a rich country? Luxembourg has evolved from a steel-based economy to an economy based on international trade and banking. If we look at GDP, the financial sector now accounts for a share of 28%. Also worth mentioning are the low taxes on fuel and tobacco. Many motorists from neighboring countries like to visit Luxembourg for this. It provides the state treasury about 600 million euros annually. People ask is Luxembourg a country? Answer is yes. Luxembourg is the richest country in Europe
Luxembourg’s main export commodities are: steel products (ores and metals), machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, diamonds and chemicals. Luxembourg’s main export partners are Germany, France and Belgium. History of Luxembourg.
Today Luxembourg also exports the following goods: drinks and tobacco, textiles, road vehicles and means of transport, and medicines.
Luxembourg’s future exports are expected to mainly consist of ores and metals, other manufactured products and office and telecom equipment. These top exports will represent more than 50% of the total goods exported. Import and export in Luxembourg must be completed by Luxembourg companies with EORI numbers. The main imported goods into Luxembourg are fuels, foodstuffs, ores and metal, as well as various consumer goods. Luxembourg mainly imports from the European Union (with Belgium, Germany, France and the Netherlands as main suppliers), but also from China, the United Kingdom and the United States. History of Luxembourg.
In the future, Luxembourg is expected to mainly import fuels from Belgium, office, telecom and electrical equipment from China and ores and metals from Germany. History of Luxembourg.
The Banque Centrale du Luxembourg (BCL) and STATEC inform that after the first preliminary results, Luxembourg’s trade balance showed a surplus of 2.75 billion euros in 2020, a decrease of about 5% compared to 2019 (-150 million euros) .
If we rank the countries according to their GDP per capita, Luxembourg is very well positioned in terms of the standard of living of its population, ranking third out of the 196 countries whose GDP. History of Luxembourg.
For 2021, STATEC expects a growth of 6% of GDP in Luxembourg, for 2022 a growth of +3.5% is expected. During these two years, the private sector should regain momentum in terms of activity and investment, gradually taking over government spending, which was largely used in 2020. History of Luxembourg.
How Wealthy is Luxembourg?
How wealthy is Luxembourg? in 2021 the grand duchy’s GDP rebounded by 5.5% from -1.3% in 2020. The country topped the $100,000 mark in per capita GDP in 2014 and has never looked back ever since. Even Covid could not change that. Luxembourg GDP-PPP($) 126569.
History Museum Luxembourg
Museums in Luxembourg : There are quite a few museums to be found in Luxembourg. Both Luxembourg City and the small villages and towns have many museums with a wide variety of exhibitions. Art, history, transport, mines, industry, combinations of all; it all comes along. Many of the museums in the smaller towns and villages are specifically focused on the history of that village or its region. These are very nice to visit if you are staying in this region for a longer period of time. During the annual museum night of Luxembourg City, quite a few of the museums (in that city) can be visited for free. History of Luxembourg.
1. Echternach Abbey Museum
The Abbey Museum of Echternach is housed in the 18th-century monastery palace. This palace is a typical example of the 18th-century wealth of the clergy. In the beautiful old vaults under the palace you will find beautiful old manuscripts and an overview of the life and work of Saint Willibrord. This monk spent his life in this abbey after he had been busy spreading the faith among the pagans in the low countries. History of Luxembourg.
2. Casino Luxembourg – Forum d’art contemporain
The Casino of Luxembourg opened its doors in 1882. In the 19th and first half of the 20th century, the casino was the bustling center of Luxembourg society. History of Luxembourg.
3. Brewery Museum Wiltz
Wiltz Brewery Museum is housed in the old stables of Wiltz Castle. It is a small exhibition with old utensils, billboards and brewing tools.
4. Phototheque
The phototéque or photo library of Luxembourg is a huge image bank. In the museum you can find millions of photographs in many different collections with the central theme of Luxembourg City. History of Luxembourg.
5. Customs and Excise Museum
If there is a country that is popular because of its lack of excise duties, it is of course Luxembourg. No country has so many petrol stations on such a small number of kilometres of motorway. History of Luxembourg.
6. Museum Henri Tudor
This museum of science is named after the famous Luxembourger Henri Owen Tudor. He was a famous scientist, inventor and industrialist; he invented one of the first lead-acid batteries. History of Luxembourg.
7. Musée national des mines
The National Mining Museum was founded in 1973 with the help of some former miners and is located in a former mine. Through the efforts of the municipality, province, European Union and state, visitors were able to visit the old mine. Outside the mine are some large mine vehicles. History of Luxembourg.
8. Art gallery ‘Am Tunnel’
This coastal gallery is, as the name suggests, underground. In 1987, one of the banks wanted to expand the casemate located under his branch so that the bank could use it as a connection between the different buildings.
9. Copper Mining Museum
The Copper Mining Museum is located in Stolzembourg. An exciting museum where you descend with a helmet in the former copper mine. History of Luxembourg.
10. Coach Museum Peppange
The carriage museum in Peppange is a small museum entirely dedicated to carriages and other carriages. There are a number of cars of the Grand Ducal family to admire. History of Luxembourg.
11. Roman villa Echternach
Just outside the town of Echtenach was once one of the largest estates of the northwestern part of the Roman Empire. As a result, the main building looks more like a palace than a villa. History of Luxembourg.
12. Musée d’Histoire de la Ville de Luxembourg
Right in the historic center of Luxembourg City is the city’s historical museum. In an original and interactive way, the history of the capital Luxembourg City is told. History of Luxembourg.
13. MUDAM
The MUDAM, officially the Musée d’art moderne Grand-Duc Jean, is located near the European quarter of the city. The building alone is a work of art in itself. It was designed by the architect Leoh Ming Pei. He previously designed the pyramids for the Louvre.
14. Musée National d’Histoire et d’Art
As the name suggests, a museum dedicated to the art and history of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. You start in prehistoric times with the arrival of the Romans. History of Luxembourg.
15. Musée National d’Histoire Naturelle
The Museum of Natural History is located in Luxembourg City. The museum has a very extensive collection of old bones, both from prehistoric people and from primal animals. There are beautiful stuffed animals to see and there are some rooms with changing exhibitions. In about 10 rooms, the history of life and landscape in Luxembourg is told. History of Luxembourg.
16. Musée des Tramways
This museum for tram and bus transport is located in an old warehouse. A small museum for the lover of old vehicles
Read Also History On Netherland
References
https://brasilia.mae.lu/pt/Informacoes-gerais-sobre-Luxemburgo/Historia
https://monarchie.lu/de/die-monarchie/die-geschichte-luxemburgs-und-seiner-dynastien
https://www.flandersinvestmentandtrade.com/export/landen/luxemburg/cijfers
