History of Ireland And Northern Ireland Timeline
History Of Old Ireland
The Ancient History of Ireland: The first humans arrived in Ireland between 7,000 and 6,000 B.C. after the end of the last ice age. The early Irish lived by farming, fishing, and collecting food such as plants and shellfish. Stone Age hunters used to live by the sea or on the banks of rivers and lakes where food abounded. They hunted animals such as deer and wild boar. They also hunted birds and seals with harpoons.
Early history of Ireland: Around 4,000 B.C. agriculture was introduced to Ireland. Stone Age farmers raised sheep, pigs and cattle, as well as crops. They probably lived in huts with wooden frames covered with grass and straw with reeds.
Farmers made tools out of stone, bone and horn. They also made pottery. For centuries farmers and hunters coexisted, but the old lifestyle of hunter-gatherers gradually became extinct. Stone Age farmers were the first to significantly affect Ireland’s environment as they cleared areas of forest for agriculture.
They were also the first to abandon monuments in the form of burial mounds, known as burrows. Stone Age farmers sometimes cremated their dead and then buried the remains in earth-covered stone galleries. They also created burial places called dolmens, consisting of huge vertical stones with horizontal stones at the top, and passage tombs that have a central aisle lined and roofed with stones with burial chambers leading to it. The tombs of the passages were covered with mounds of earth.
Around 2,000 BC.C. bronze was introduced to Ireland and used to make tools and weapons. Bronze Age people also erected stone circles in Ireland. They also built crannogs or lake dwellings, which were easy to defend.
Then, around 500 BC.C., the Celts arrived in Ireland. They brought iron tools and weapons. The Celts were a warrior people. (According to Roman writers, they were passionately fond of fighting) and built stone forts throughout Ireland. At that time Ireland was divided into many small kingdoms and war between them was frequent. Fights often took place in chariots.
The priests of the Celts were called Druids and practiced polytheism (worship of many gods). At the top of Celtic society were kings and aristocrats. Below them were the free men who were farmers.
They could be in good economic standing or they could be very poor. In the background were slaves. Divorce and remarriage are nothing unusual in Celtic society and polygamy is common among the wealthy.
IRELAND IN THE MIDDLE AGES
Mid Age History of Ireland: In the early thirteenth century, the English extended their control over all of Ireland, except for part of Connacht and western Ulster. The English also founded the cities of Athenry, Drogheda, Galway and New Ross. The first Irish parliament was convened in 1264, but it only represented the Anglo-Irish ruling class.
However, after 1250 the English tide subsided. In 1258 Brian O’Neill led a rebellion. The rebellion failed when O’Neill was defeated and killed in 1260. However, English landowners were gradually absorbed into Irish society. Many of them married each other and slowly adopted Irish customs.
In 1366 the Kilkenny Parliament passed the Statutes of Kilkenny. Anglo-Irish were forbidden to marry native Irish. They were also banned from speaking Gaelic or playing the Irish game of hurling. They were not allowed to wear an Irish dress or ride a hair, but they had to wear a saddle. However, all these attempts to keep the two separate and distinct races failed.
In 1315 the Scots invaded Ireland in the hope of opening a second front in their war with the English. Robert the Bruce’s brother led the Scottish army with considerable success and was even crowned King of Ireland. However, the English sent an army to oppose him and he was defeated and killed in 1318.
In 1394 the English king Richard II led an army into Ireland to try to reassert English control. The Irish submitted to him, but quickly rebelled once he had left. Richard returned in 1399, but was forced to leave due to problems at home.
From then on, English control continued to decline until in the mid-fifteenth century the English only ruled Dublin and the surroundings of “Pale” (The Palisade).
The Republic of Ireland is a nation with a very old and intense history. A country that has customs and a culture that go back thousands of years in time. A territory witness to a thousand battles and home to a fighting people in all its historical stages. In CurioSfera-Historia.com, we explain the history of Ireland and its origin.
Origin of Ireland
Original A Brief History of Ireland: To know the origin of Ireland (Eire), it is first necessary to know the geographical situation of the country. Ireland is a European island state located in the Atlantic Ocean and occupies 83.3% of the island of the same name (Ireland) in the British archipelago.
It is the only country in Europe that half of its inhabitants live outside its borders. Historically it is a land of emigration, its green landscapes, its pastures and its soils have never been able to feed its people.
This island, always convulsed by religious problems, where Catholicism has always remained linked to the traditions of Gaelic roots, is now divided, since its northern region, Ulster, which belongs to Great Britain.
Ireland is one of the youngest republics of the Old Continent, having been freed from the British yoke in 1949. However, despite the age-old enmity with their British neighbours, some of the Irish literati are the glory of the English language: poets like Yeats, or playwrights like George Bernard Shaw and Samuel Beckett, or both, like the great Oscar Wilde. In the capital of Ireland, Dublin, James Joyce was born, so lover of the land that he named one of his masterpieces, Dubliners, after his hometown.
Continent: Europe.
Area: 70,280 km².
Capital: Dublin.
Population: 5,036,002
Currency: Euro.
Official Languages: English and Irish.
Prehistory Of Ireland And Antiquity
Prehistory of Ireland: The first human remains found in Ireland belong to the mesolyl. During the Neolithic, of short duration, and the Bronze Age new cultures were introduced, among which the megalithic culture acquired special roots.
At the same time, trade relations with the continent intensified. Later (500 BC.C.) the Celts, already knowledgeable about iron metallurgy, invaded the country.
Although they were few in number, they imposed their language and revolutionized the ways of life in force until then (gods, political organization, arts and customs). By the advent of the Christian era the clan, as a political unit, had been overtaken with the formation of several kingdoms. History of Ireland Timeline.
Gaelic Nation
Gaelic Nation History of Ireland: The religion of most Irish people was still Druidism at the beginning of the fifth century. Then st. Patrick was sent (year 432), who in thirty years converted almost all the Irish people to Christianity and organized a national Church, which soon distinguished itself by the importance of monarchism and the scholarship of its monks.
The evangelizing activity of the Irish Church transcended to the outside of the island and spread to Scotland. England and even the continent. Despite the Irish spiritual flourishing at this time, and that of Ireland in general, the existing anarchy allowed the incursions and looting of the Norwegians, who from the end of the eighth century visited the Irish coasts and settled in various towns (Dublin, Cork, Limerick). History of Ireland.
Although they failed to conquer the country; Brian Boru, by defeating them at the Battle of Clontarf (1014), ended the danger posed by their raids. This victory did not end the internal disorder, which gave occasion to intervene to the Normans, already settled in England.
Republic Of Ireland
History Of Republic Of Ireland
History on Ireland: History of Ireland (Éire )is an island in north-west Europe, Ireland Is the third largest island in Europe and the twentieth largest island in the world. In the fore, there is a monarchy with a sanitized monarchy. History of Ireland
Before independence, the Country of Ireland was under British rule. May 3, 1921, the country was divided and on December 6, 1922. Its became independent of the UK and established as a separate state.
Ireland received the country’s status from the state on December 29, 1937, and on 1949, the country was completely inscribed on the world map in the name of the Republic of Ireland. In 1949, the country became independent of Britain, but in the absence of economic resources, its economy could not move towards growth. In 1973, it became a member of the European Union. History of Ireland
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Ireland History Timeline
History Of Ireland And Britain
The United Kingdom of Greater Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, UK, Bertania, UK, or UK) is a developed country located on the northwest coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, it spans the British Isles which includes Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland and many small islands.
Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK where a site border is bordering another nation and Ireland is a neighboring country of the UK. In addition to the border of this country, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The largest island, Great Britain, is connected to France by the Channel Tunnel. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and unitary state comprising four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. It is run by a parliamentary system whose capital London sits in government, but it has three devolved national administrations, Belfast, Cardiff and Edinburgh, respectively northern Ireland, Wales and the capital of Scotland.
Jersey and Guernsey islands, collectively called the Channel Islands and Man Island (Eli of Mann), are the kingdom dependency of the UK and are not part of the UK. History of Ireland.
In addition, the UK has fourteen cross-border dependent areas, the British Empire, which was at its peak in 1922, surrounded nearly a quarter of the world’s territory and was the largest empire in history. British influence in the language, culture and legal system of its former colonies can still be seen.
With the world’s sixth largest economy by symbolic GDP and the seventh largest country in terms of purchasing power parity, the UK is a developed country. It was the world’s first industrialist and the world’s leading power during the 19th and 20th centuries. The economic cost of the two world wars and the collapse of the empire in the second half of the 20th century reduced its leading role in global affairs yet the UK remains a major force because of its strong economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence.
It is a nuclear power and the fourth highest defense spender in the world. It is a member of the European Union, holds a permanent seat on the UN Security Council and is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, G8, OECD, NATO and the World Trade Organization. In year 2020 UK exit from European Union (Brexit). History of Ireland
Capital Of Ireland
- Ireland capital : Dublin.
- Language of Ireland : English
- Total Area Of Ireland : Total area of 84,421 km 2 (32,595 sq mi)
- Currency of Ireland : Official Currency is Euro but Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom, and therefore uses the British pound sterling (£), while the Republic of Ireland’s official currency is the Euro (€).
History Of Ireland Religion
The Religious Composition Of Ireland. History of Ireland religion.
| Rank | Religion | Population (Percentage) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Catholic Church | 78.6 |
| 2 | Irreligious | 10.2 |
| 3 | Not Specified | 4.8 |
| 4 | Church of Ireland | 2.6 |
| 5 | Orthodox Christianity | 1.3 |
| 6 | Islam | 1.4 |
| 7 | Presbyterian | 0.5 |
| 8 | Apostolic or Pentacostal | 0.3 |
Irish Republican Army
In 1919, the IRA formed the first elected meeting, which was mentioned in the Easter Rising. Irish Republican Army (IRA) / Irish Republican Army (IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMY) (Irish language: Óglaigh na hÉireann) was an organization of revolutionary soldiers formed for the liberation of Ireland. The aim was to make Ireland completely free from britain.
The Irish Republican Brotherhood, an organization called the Patriarchate, was founded in November 25, 1913. On December 6, 1921, when the Anglo-Irish Treaty took place and the ceasefire came into force, it was divided. From 1919 to July 1921, the government has been able to do so. carried out a guerrilla war against the British Army in Ireland. The worst period of the war was from November 1920 to July 1921. History of Ireland.
History Of Northern Ireland Timeline
The roots of northern Ireland’s problem are hidden in the womb of history. The current problem came into existence in 1920-21 when Ireland was divided after being under British rule for several centuries. History of Ireland
The divide was held in such a way that in Ireland living with Britain, the majority of people from the Protestant community of Christians in Northern Ireland. The isolated country became the majority of the Catholic community in the Republic of Ireland. History of Ireland
The current problem is that people from the minority Catholic community living in Northern Ireland want to merge Northern Ireland into the Republic of Ireland. These people are called nationalists. While the majority of Protestant communities want Northern Ireland to merge with the UK. These are called mergerists. History of Ireland.
Ireland: The Beginning Of The Problem
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History of Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland
History of northern Ireland conflict: After several centuries of British rule, Ireland was rebelled in 1916. Ireland was then divided in 1920-21. 26 in 32 of Ireland won independence and thus became the Republic of Ireland. The remaining six counties are still part of the UK as Northern Ireland.
The United Kingdom Parliament, however, gave powers in most cases to parliament and government formed in Stormont in Belfast in 1920. From 1921 to 1972, members from Northern Ireland to Westminster were elected to parliament. But the government at Stormont continued to act as a self-governing government.
In 1921, the division was such that there was a majority of Protestants in Ireland, Northern Ireland, living with Britain. The Catholic community is the majority on the rest of the island.
Thus the rights in Northern Ireland remained in the hands of the mergerist party. This party belongs to those who support mergers from the UK. On the other hand, there are nationalist communities with about one-third. The community supports Irish unity and wants the whole of Ireland to have the status of a separate country. History of Ireland
Northern Ireland can thus be divided into two different ideologies. One is the unionist, the mergerist and the other, the nationalist. This division is historical and religious. Protestant Christians (mergerists) and Catholics (nationalist). History of Ireland
But the Ireland problem started about 800 years ago. Britain then decided to take over its neighboring island. In the past 800 years, there were both attempts to remove Britain from Ireland and make Ireland British. History of Ireland.
Ireland: A Period Of Violence
In 1969, the Campaign for Civil Rights began in Northern Ireland. It was alleged that the minority Catholic community was forced to live a two-tier life there. But soon the campaign was suppressed. The political violence that started thereafter led to the existence of the Provisional IRA (Irish Republican Army).
The IRA existed several years ago. But in 1970 it was divided into two parts. Authorized IRA and Provisional IRA. Now the pro vaginal IRA is called IRA. The IRA launched a violent campaign against Britain’s presence. The campaign lasted until the Ira’s ceasefire in 1994.
The Northern Ireland Parliament was adjourned after a period of violence that began in Northern Ireland since 1970, and the UK government took over all the work and powers of the Northern Irish Government. Since then, northern Ireland has been a Minister of Northern Ireland Affairs who is a member of the British Cabinet. (In just 1974, an official was appointed for power sharing for a few days.) Oldest Language in the world
This control of the UK government lasted until 1998 when an agreement was reached for the future of Northern Ireland. The agreement was renamed the Good Friday or Belfast Agreement.
Read History of Greenland
History of Ireland And Scotland
History of Ireland and Scotland: The history of Scotland is above all that of a country marked by an almost continuous rivalry with England. It is that of a people who brandish as heroes William Wallace and Robert Bruce, the famous “Braveheart”, who fought against English oppression during bloody battles. It is also that of Mary Stuart, Queen of France and Scotland with a tragic fate; that of the theoreticians of the Enlightenment and the great inventors in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
From the wilderness of the Highlands to Glasgow the industrial, from the distinguished city of Edinburgh to the wild islands of the north, Scotland offers us an exciting plural history. History of Ireland.
Scotland, From One Settlement To Another
The history of Scotland really begins in the first century BC. J.-C., when Celtic tribes from the Rhineland and Ireland settled on the territory. They will oppose a fierce resistance to the Romans. The latter, after annexing Britannia (England), continued their conquest further north and arrived in Scottish lands in 78 AD.
The Roman legions remained there for a century, but did not reach the Highland region or manage to subdue the inhabitants, whom they called Picts (“painted men”). The latter thus acquired the reputation of a warrior people. Moreover, in order to protect Britannia from Celtic incursions, 2 walls were erected:
– Hadrian’s Wall, with a length of nearly 120 km between the west and east coasts, which marks the border between
Britannia and Caledonia;
– the Antonine Wall, further north than Hadrian’s Wall, built between the River Forth to the east and the River Clyde to
the west.
After the departure of the Romans in the fourth century, the Picts unified and dominated the north-east of Scotland. Other stands followed. The Scots, Christian Celts from Ireland, arrived from the west with their culture and language, Gaelic, which gradually spread into the kingdom of Alba (Gaelic name for Scotland). The Brittons settled in the southwest and the Angles in the southeast. At the same time, Christian missionaries evangelized the people and all of Scotland was Christianized by the end of the 7th century.
But a threat loomed: the Vikings multiplied the raids from 794, until they became masters of the islands (Shetland, Orkney, Hebrides) and the north coast. To resist their advance, Picts and Scots unite. This is the beginning of a slow unification of the country. In the eleventh century, the kingdom took the name of Scotland, the “land of the Scots”. However, in the northern part of the territory, the Scandinavians did not withdraw until the 13th century. The occupation ended completely in 1469 with the integration into Scotland of Shetland and Orkney. History of Ireland.
Ireland: Good Friday Agreement
After the initial round of negotiations, a political agreement was signed by the Governments of Ireland and Britain on Friday 10 April 1998. It was renamed good Friday or Belfast agreement. The agreement agreed to change constitutional changes and establish new institutions.
There are three major parts of this agreement. The first part emphasized the internal structure of Northern Ireland. The second part highlights relations with the Republic of Ireland of Northern Ireland and northern Ireland’s relationship with the UK in the third. It elaborates on constitutional issues, rights, arms bans, security, policies and prisoners.
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People Culture and Fashion In Ireland
Ireland is a wonderful country, with cheerful, ulterior or at least more than the British, chatty and noisy people who like to tell their traditions and show themselves different from the English, in fact it is a fairly common mistake for many students who come close to perfecting the language to assume that Ireland is part of the United Kingdom, this is usually taken as an offense. No doubt that reputation of stubbornness, or rather, of remaining faithful to their principles they have well earned.
The typical clothes of the Culture of Ireland are pleated and elaborated from wool. Sheep in Ireland are stronger in color, which makes the decorations stronger. Highlighting colours, such as yellow, orange, red and green, are found in the clothing of the Culture of Ireland. Irish clothing was influenced by English culture as early as the 15th century. An intricate Irish Celtic knot commonly adorns clothing.
The Irish of the fifth century wore robes and capes. Men of higher social status wore a combination of jacket and trousers called dinar and tris. Accessories were popular with both men and women. Common accessories include, knives, brooches, shoes and belts. The clothes were made of linen, wool and silk.
Reference
Also Read The History of England
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