Afghanistan in History Before Islam and After Islam 2021

Afghanistan In History: About Afghanistan History Timeline 

Afghanistan in History: Afghanistan was a very beautiful country when every citizen of Afghanistan was in Hinduism before 1900. Afghanistan was not only once a Hindu nation but it was also a part of India. During the British invasion of India, the British He kept Afghanistan under his control and ruled it from India itself. But in the year 1893, Sir Mortimer Durand made India and A line was drawn between Afghanistan, which was called the Kidurand Line.

This border line established in Hindukush, which connects Afghanistan and British India It used to pass through the tribal areas of India, outlining their areas of influence. Afghanistan in History. 

At present this line is between Afghanistan and Pakistan. The middle is the boundary line. This is a matter of history, but Afghanistan has a deep relation with Mahabharata. Not only this in the past There was also a lot of evidence that it was a Hindu nation.

The map of what is today Afghanistan, the country with the shortest border with India, was settled at the end of the nineteenth century. Historical According to the evidence, at the time of Alexander’s invasion, Afghanistan was ruled by the Hakhamani Shahs of Persia in 327 BC.

After that Buddhism became popular during the Greco-Bactrian rule. During the medieval period many Afghan rulers occupied the power of Delhi or In this, the name of the Lodi dynasty is prominent. Apart from this, many Muslim invaders with the help of Afghan Shahs attacked India.

However, some areas of Afghanistan were also part of the Delhi Sultanate at that time. first invasion of India It happened in Afghanistan only. After this, invaders from different passes of Hindukush made many attacks on India here. In The invaders included Babur, Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali. Ahmed Shah Abdali on Afghanistan for the first time established monopoly. He was an Afghan i.e. Kishtun. By 1751 he had conquered all the territories which are present in Afghanistan and is Pakistan.

What Was Afghanistan Called Before

• Early time Afghanistan was a very prosperous nation, but after becoming an Islamic country, it started counting among most poor and backward nations.

There was no nation named Afghanistan until the 17th century it is part of India and before 17th century people following Hindu Religion. The name Afghanistan became particularly popular during the reign of Ahmad Shah Durrani (1747-1773). Prior to this, Afghanistan was called by names like Aryan, Aryanumra Viju, Pakhtia, Khorasan, Pashtunkhawah and Roh etc. In which there were areas like Gandhara, Kamboj, Kumbha, Varnu, Suvastu etc.

What Is History Of Afghanistan ?

History of Afghanistan Timeline

What is History of Afghanistan? Afghanistan was settled at least 50,000 years ago. Early cities such as Mundigak and Balkh sprang up around 5,000 years ago; they likely were affiliated with the Aryan culture of India.

Around 700 BCE, the Median Empire expanded its rule to Afghanistan. The Medes were an Iranian people, rivals of the Persians. By 550 BCE, the Persians had displaced the Medians, establishing the Achaemenid Dynasty.

Alexander the Great of Macedonia invaded Afghanistan in 328 BCE, founding a Hellenistic empire with its capital at Bactria (Balkh). The Greeks were displaced around 150 BCE. by the Kushans and later the Parthians, nomadic Iranians. The Parthians ruled until about 300 A.D. when the Sassanians took control. History Afghanistan timeline.

Most Afghans were Hindu, Buddhist or Zoroastrian at that time, but an Arab invasion in 642 CE introduced Islam. The Arabs defeated the Sassanians and ruled until 870, at which time they were driven out again by the Persians.

In 1220, Mongol warriors under Genghis Khan conquered Afghanistan, and descendants of the Mongols would rule much of the region until 1747. In 1747, the Durrani Dynasty was founded by Ahmad Shah Durrani, an ethnic Pashtun. This marked the origin of modern Afghanistan.

The nineteenth century witnessed increasing Russian and British competition for influence in Central Asia, in “The Great Game.” Britain fought two wars with the Afghans, in 1839–1842 and 1878–1880. The British were routed in the first Anglo-Afghan War but took control of Afghanistan’s foreign relations after the second.

Afghanistan was neutral in World War I, but Crown Prince Habibullah was assassinated for purported pro-British ideas in 1919. Later that year, Afghanistan attacked India, prompting the British to relinquish control over Afghan foreign affairs.

Habibullah’s younger brother Amanullah reigned from 1919 until his abdication in 1929. His cousin, Nadir Khan, became king but lasted only four years before he was assassinated.

Nadir Khan’s son, Mohammad Zahir Shah, then took the throne, ruling from 1933 to 1973. He was ousted in a coup by his cousin Sardar Daoud, who declared the country a republic. Daoud was ousted in turn in 1978 by the Soviet-backed PDPA, which instituted Marxist rule. The Soviets took advantage of the political instability to invade in 1979; they would remain for ten years. Afghanistan in History.

Warlords ruled from 1989 until the extremist Taliban took power in 1996. The Taliban regime was ousted by U.S.-led forces in 2001 for its support of Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda. A new Afghan government was formed, supported by the International Security Force of the United Nations Security Council. The new government continued to receive help from US-led NATO troops to battle Taliban insurgencies and shadow governments. The US war in Afghanistan was officially ended December 28, 2014. Afghanistan in History.

The U.S. has approximately 14,000 troops in Afghanistan engaged in two missions: 1) a bilateral counter-terrorism mission in cooperation with Afghan forces; and 2) the NATO-led Resolute Support Mission, a non-combat mission providing training and support to the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces. Afghanistan in History.

History of Afghanistan Before Islam

Afghanistan Was Hindu Nation:

Kamboja country is found in ancient Sanskrit literature. The extension of Kamboja country was from Kashmir to Hindu Kush. There is a mention of an Acharya named Kamboja Aupamanyav in the Vansh Brahmana. In the Vedic period Kamboja was the center of Arya-culture as is found in the mention of the Vansh-Brahmin, but in the course of time, as the Aryan civilization progressed towards the east, Kamboja came to be considered outside the Arya-culture. Afghanistan in History.

The Mahabharata mentions many kings of Kamboja and Gandhara. In which Kamboj’s Sudarshan and Chandravarman are the main ones.
Gandhara: Gandhari was the daughter of a king named ‘Subal’ of Gandhara country. Because she was the princess of Gandhara, she was named Gandhari. She was the wife of Dhritarashtra, the king of Hastinapur and the mother of Kauravas like Duryodhana. Gandhara region was one of the mythological 16 Mahajanapadas of India.

The main cities of this Mahajanapada were Purushpur (modern Peshawar) and Taxila was its capital. Its existence lasted from 600 BC to the 11th century. Buddhism flourished here during the Kushan rulers but later it declined due to Muslim invasion. Afghanistan in History.

Afghanistan during the Buddhist period:

By the 7th century AD, Buddhism was very advanced in many parts of Gandhara. After the 7th century, Arab and Turk Muslims started attacking here and in 870 AD, the Arab general Yakub Ales took Afghanistan under his control. After this the forced conversion campaign of Hindus and Buddhists started here.

The fighting lasted for hundreds of years and in the end all Afghans except Kafiristan became Muslims. In Kautilya Arthashastra, there is a mention of ‘Vartashastrapjeevi’ (those who make a living from farming and weapons) union of Kamboja, from which it is known that the republic was established here before the Maurya period. This republic would have merged with Chandragupta’s empire during the Maurya period. Afghanistan in History.

Kamboja is mentioned along with Gandhara in the fifth inscription of Anguttaranikaya and Ashoka. This means that Gandhara was a part of Kamboja or it was two separate kingdoms. According to Kerningham, Rajpur is Rajouri located in Kashmir. The Chinese traveler Yuwanchwang has also mentioned Rajpur. According to Kamboj’s Rajpur, Nandinagar and Risedevies, cities named Dwarka are mentioned in the literature.

How was the Taliban born?

The beginning of the Taliban is considered to be from the 1990s, when the Soviet Union began to withdraw its forces from Afghanistan. The Soviet Union’s existence in Afghanistan lasted for 10 years, this is between 1979 and 1989.

Show advantage to big countries

In 1979, after a coup in Afghanistan with the help of the Soviet Union, a communist government was formed and Afghanistan was completely under the control of the Soviet Union.

This is the time when Mujahedeen factions and leaders became stronger against the Soviet Union in Afghanistan. America, Pakistan, China, Iran and Saudi Arabia gave both money and weapons to these different groups to fight the Soviet Union. That is, America was with such organizations for its own benefit at that time, which shows that there is no value of human life for these big countries intoxicated with power.

What is the status of women in Afghanistan After Islam?

The condition of women during this period was very worrying. What are women’s rights in Afghanistan?

• Women and girls did not have the freedom to work and go to school/college. In the year 2000, not a single girl went to school in Afghanistan. Afghanistan in History.
• Even small girls were required to wear a burqa. Women could not leave the house alone. A man had to be taken with him to go out of the house. Afghanistan in History.
• Women were prohibited from wearing high heels. Afghanistan in History.
• The veil was so tight that women could not even talk in public places, so that no other man could hear their voice.
• Photographs of women were banned in newspapers, books, shops and homes. No public place was named after women.
• Women were punished severely for breaking these rules and regulations. They were pelted with stones in public places and punished according to Sharia law. Afghanistan in History.

  

How was the foundation of Taliban laid?

History of Afghanistan War

The great thing is that Saudi Arabia is the only country that helped it to lay the foundation of the Taliban. In the 1990s, when the Pashtun movement was at its peak in Afghanistan, it received a lot of support from Saudi Arabia.

The purpose of this movement was to send people to Islamic madrasas and to propagate the fanatical beliefs of Sunni Islam. Saudi Arabia used to bear the cost of education of people in these madrassas and it is believed that the idea of ​​Taliban originated from madrassas in northern Pakistan. After this it expanded in Afghanistan, that is, the birthplace of Taliban is Pakistan. Afghanistan in History.

This Pashtun movement gave the Taliban a distinct identity from the Mujahedeen factions. The Taliban promised peace, security and the establishment of Sharia law in parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan, and a new struggle for power began. By the year 1996, the Taliban captured Kabul. That is, this is not the first Taliban occupation of Kabul. Even before this he has fought the battle for control. The only difference is that then America was with it and now America is helping the Taliban informally by calling its army from Afghanistan.

What is Afghanistan-Pakistan conflict

Everyone is sure that the boundary demarcation agreement signed in 1893 by Afghan Emir Abdur Rahman Khan and British government secretary Sir Mortimer Durand had a life of a hundred years (as if that agreement had expired in 1993). Some people also say that this agreement was with British India, so it ended on 14 August 1947.

Durand Line

Afghanistan and Pakistan Dispute: Was this really the boundary line drawn only for a hundred years? Did this agreement end as soon as Britain left India? Why not take off the glasses and see? Afghanistan in History.
In fact, the Durand Line which was drawn in 1893 was not for 100 years, but the agreement signed by Amir Abdur Rahman Khan and Sir Mortimer Durand, it was considered till the life of the emperor who signed it.

Afghanistan Faces ‘Cultural Disaster’ After Fall of Kabul

Afghanistan faces a “cultural disaster”, following the fall of Kabul to Taliban forces, a UN Special Rapporteur on Tuesday urged countries to provide urgent assistance to human rights defenders.

“It is deplorable that the world has abandoned Afghanistan to a fundamentalist group like the Taliban whose catastrophic human rights record, including practice of gender apartheid, use of cruel punishments and systematic destruction of cultural heritage, when in power, is well documented,” said Karima Bennoune, the UN Special Rapporteur in the field of cultural rights. Afghanistan in History.

Afghanistan descended into chaos after the Taliban took control of the capital city, Kabul and the government led by President Ashraf Ghani collapsed. The Special Rapporteur said she was gravely concerned at reports of gross abuses by the Taliban, including attacks on minorities, the kidnapping of a woman human rights defender, the killing of an artist, and the exclusion of women from employment and education. Afghanistan in History. What is the history of Afghanistan.

Who Have Gave New Afghanistan Name Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan and When:

History of Afghanistan flag:

Rename of Afghanistan in Sep 2021: New Afghanistan 

August 14, 2021: Taliban militants capture Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan. After reached Kabul, the Taliban also claimed to have been captured the President House in Kabul.

October 2021 Taliban country renamed ‘Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan’.

By:

Adeeba Qayoumi

Afghani Refugee, Canada

Afghanistan in History.

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